How does land use change affect soil health?

Land use change significantly impacts soil health, particularly through processes such as erosion, compaction, and the loss of organic matter. When land is altered—whether for agriculture, urban development, or other uses—the natural soil structure can be disrupted.

Erosion can occur when vegetation is removed, exposing soil to wind and water, which can wash or blow away topsoil that contains essential nutrients and organic matter. Compaction often arises from heavy machinery or livestock trampling, leading to reduced pore spaces within the soil. This compaction negatively affects water infiltration, root growth, and the overall microbial activity that is crucial for soil health.

The loss of organic matter, which is typically a direct consequence of land conversion, diminishes the soil’s ability to retain moisture and nutrients, further deteriorating soil quality. Collectively, these factors negatively influence soil health, affecting agricultural productivity and ecological balance.