What causes soil salinization?

Soil salinization primarily occurs through the accumulation of soluble salts in the soil, which can happen for various reasons, notably insufficient drainage. When water collects in the soil and does not effectively drain away, it can lead to the upward movement of groundwater that contains dissolved salts. As the water evaporates from the soil surface, it leaves these salts behind, causing their concentration to increase over time.

In areas where irrigation methods are poor or where the water table is naturally high, salts can build up to levels that are detrimental to plant growth. This process is particularly pronounced in arid and semi-arid regions, where evaporation rates are high, and rainfall may not adequately flush out salts. Therefore, the key factor leading to soil salinization is the combination of water management and drainage practices that allow for the accumulation of these salts, which is articulated in this option. Understanding this process is crucial for effective soil management and agricultural practices.