What is soil compaction?

Soil compaction refers specifically to the densification of soil as a result of pressure applied by external forces such as machinery, foot traffic, or even natural processes such as the weight of water. When soil particles are compressed, the spaces between them are reduced, leading to a denser material. This process often leads to decreased porosity, which can impact various soil characteristics. Compacted soil has reduced aeration and water infiltration, which can hinder root growth and overall vegetation health.

Understanding soil compaction is crucial, especially in fields like agriculture, construction, and environmental management, where the structural integrity and functionality of the soil play a vital role in sustaining healthy ecosystems and productive landscapes. The other options do not accurately define soil compaction or its underlying processes.