What is the primary contributing factor to the development of granular structure?

The development of granular soil structure, which resembles small crumbs or granules, is primarily influenced by organic matter accumulation. Organic matter plays a crucial role in soil health and structure due to its ability to improve soil aggregation. When organic material decomposes, it binds soil particles together, creating stable aggregates that enhance porosity, water retention, and aeration. This process is vital for promoting a healthy soil ecosystem, as it facilitates the growth of beneficial microorganisms and enhances nutrient availability.

While factors such as soil compaction, heavy rainfall, and exposure to high temperatures can have effects on soil structure, they do not primarily contribute to the formation of granular structure in the same way that organic matter does. Compaction tends to reduce pore spaces and disrupt aggregation, while heavy rainfall can lead to erosion and leaching, which could potentially hinder aggregate stability. High temperatures can affect microbial activity and organic matter decomposition but do not directly foster the development of granular structures. Hence, the accumulation of organic matter remains the key factor driving the formation of granular soil structure.