What is the process of soil erosion?

The process of soil erosion refers specifically to the removal of topsoil, which is the uppermost layer of soil vital for plant growth and ecological balance, due to the action of wind or water. This occurs when natural or human-induced factors disturb the soil surface, allowing forces such as rainfall, river flow, or wind to detach soil particles and transport them to different locations.

Understanding this process is crucial because soil erosion can lead to significant environmental issues, including loss of fertile land, degradation of water quality, and increased sedimentation in rivers and streams. Unlike the growth of soil microorganisms, accumulation of nutrients, or increase in soil organic matter, which all contribute positively to soil health and fertility, soil erosion is a negative process that actively reduces the amount of productive soil available for agriculture and other uses. The focus on the removal of topsoil highlights the urgency of implementing soil conservation practices to protect our land resources.