What is the role of soil microbes in the ecosystem?

Soil microbes play a crucial role in the ecosystem primarily through their involvement in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient recycling, and the enhancement of soil structure. By breaking down dead plant and animal material, microbes convert it into simpler compounds that can be readily used by plants as nutrients. This process not only enriches the soil's nutrient content, making it more fertile, but it also ensures that organic matter is continually recycled within the ecosystem.

Moreover, as these microorganisms decompose organic materials, they contribute to the formation of soil aggregates, which improve soil structure. Better soil structure leads to improved water retention, aeration, and root penetration, all of which are essential for healthy plant growth. Therefore, the activity of soil microbes is foundational to maintaining soil health and promoting biodiversity within terrestrial ecosystems.