Why is sewage treatment primarily conducted?

Sewage treatment is primarily conducted to protect public health and the environment. This process is crucial for several reasons. First and foremost, untreated sewage can contain pathogens, harmful chemicals, and excess nutrients that pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. By removing these contaminants, sewage treatment reduces the likelihood of waterborne diseases and limits the spread of harmful substances into ecosystems.

Furthermore, effective sewage treatment plays a vital role in maintaining water quality in rivers, lakes, and oceans. By treating wastewater before it's released back into the environment, it helps to prevent pollution, which can lead to the degradation of aquatic habitats and biodiversity loss. In addition, the process ensures that reintroduced water can be safely used for irrigation or recreational purposes, further safeguarding public health.

While other options mentioned may have their importance, they do not serve as the primary motivation for sewage treatment like the protection of health and environmental integrity does.